Which term describes the physical network of reference points on Earth's surface with known coordinates?

The term that accurately describes the physical network of reference points on Earth's surface with known coordinates is "Reference Frame." A reference frame is essential in surveying and geodesy as it provides the framework for integrity in measurements. It refers to the system that establishes the position of points in three-dimensional space, allowing surveyors to accurately relate various coordinates across different locations.

A reference frame acts as a basis for determining the locations of different points concerning the Earth's surface, which is vital for any geospatial analysis, mapping, or precise positioning work. This system includes a defined set of control points, which are used to ensure consistency and accuracy in positioning various features, whether for land surveying, construction projects, or other civil engineering applications.

While projections, realizations, and coordinate systems might relate to how data is presented or manipulated, they do not specifically refer to the physical network of points on the Earth's surface like a reference frame does. This distinction is key in understanding the foundational concepts of surveying and the integrity of spatial data.