Which concept requires that property owners are guaranteed adequate compensation and due process when their property is taken for public use?

The concept that ensures property owners are guaranteed adequate compensation and due process when their property is taken for public use is eminent domain. This legal principle allows the government or authorized entities to take private property for public use, provided that the property owner receives just compensation. The protection of property rights under eminent domain is vital, as it balances society's need for public infrastructure and services with individual property rights.

Eminent domain is governed by the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which stipulates that private property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation. This ensures that property owners are not left with a financial burden when their property is taken for highways, schools, parks, or other public developments.

Other terms like condemnation and inverse condemnation relate to the processes and situations involving the taking of property, but they do not embody the fundamental principle of guaranteeing adequate compensation in the context of public use. Adverse possession addresses the ability of an individual to claim ownership of land under certain conditions, which does not pertain to the government's power to take land.