What is the State Plane Coordinate System used for?

The State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS) is primarily used for surveying and mapping purposes, particularly involving land use and property boundaries. It provides a standardized method of defining locations within the United States by using a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The coordinates are measured in feet or meters, depending on the specific state plane zone.

In this context, option B is particularly relevant, as the SPCS is instrumental in recording original land survey monument locations. These monuments serve as reference points for property boundaries and legal descriptions of land parcels. By utilizing the SPCS, surveyors can precisely document the coordinates of these monuments, which is critical for maintaining accurate property records and resolving land disputes.

The other options, while related to geographical and geological studies, do not align with the primary function of the State Plane Coordinate System. Mapping underwater features is typically done using different coordinate systems and tools tailored for marine environments. Determining geological formations often requires different surveying techniques, focusing on subsurface data rather than surface coordinate systems. Calculating elevation changes generally falls under vertical control systems, such as the National Vertical Datum, rather than a horizontal coordinate system like the SPCS. Therefore, B stands out as the most accurate reflection of the SPCS's purpose.