What is the function of the cambium layer in a tree?

The cambium layer is crucial for the growth of new cells in a tree. It is a thin layer of generative tissue located between the bark and the wood. The primary function of the cambium is to produce new cells that contribute to the growth of the tree, increasing its diameter as well as allowing for the formation of new phloem and xylem. Phloem cells carry nutrients away from the leaves, while xylem cells transport water from the roots to the rest of the tree. Therefore, the cambium's role is vital for the tree's overall growth and health, enabling it to expand and support its structure over time. This continuous growth is what allows trees to develop thick trunks and branches, making the cambium a foundational component in tree physiology.