What is a clinometer used for in surveying?

A clinometer is specifically designed to measure vertical angles or the inclination of a slope. This instrument is essential in surveying because it allows surveyors to determine the angles of elevation or depression from a horizontal line. By knowing these vertical angles, surveyors can calculate heights and depths, which is critical in various applications, such as establishing the gradient of a slope, determining the height of buildings, or analyzing land features.

In surveying, understanding slope inclination is important for construction, road design, and environmental studies. This capability renders the clinometer an invaluable tool for assessing terrain and making informed decisions based on topographical conditions. The correct answer highlights this primary function, distinguishing the clinometer from other surveying instruments that serve different purposes, such as measuring horizontal distances, calculating land area, or determining GPS locations.