What does the term "realization" refer to in geodesy?

In geodesy, "realization" refers to the physical representation of reference points. This concept is essential because it involves taking abstract geodetic concepts, such as a theoretical geodetic datum or coordinate system, and turning them into tangible, measurable points on the Earth's surface.

By realizing a geodetic system, surveyors and geodesists are able to create benchmarks and monuments that can be physically measured and related back to the mathematical models used to describe the Earth. This physical representation is critical for ensuring that all subsequent measurements and interpretations are consistent and grounded in actual locations.

While the establishment of a coordinate system, calculation of distances, and application of map projections are important components of geodesy, they do not encapsulate the specific concept of realization, which focuses on how theoretical frameworks translate into real-world points and markers.