What are the terms for the farthest and closest positions of celestial objects relative to the earth?

The terms that describe the farthest and closest positions of celestial objects relative to Earth are apogee and perigee.

When an object orbits Earth, it does not follow a perfect circle but rather an elliptical path. Perigee is the point in this orbit where the object is closest to Earth, allowing for a greater gravitational pull and often resulting in larger apparent size or brightness. In contrast, apogee refers to the point where the object is farthest from Earth, leading to a reduced gravitational influence and making the object appear smaller or dimmer.

These terms are specifically used in relation to objects that orbit Earth, such as the Moon or artificial satellites. The other terms in the choices—perihelion and aphelion—refer to the positions of celestial bodies in relation to the Sun, not Earth. Thus, option B accurately describes the relationship of celestial objects to our planet.